The last Tornado GR4s and VC10 tanker aircraft returned to the UK from the Middle East on 3 June 2009, marking the end of 18 years of combat operations for the RAF in the Gulf. RAF squadrons, in various forms, were based in the region from August 1990, when a week after the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait the UK sent 50 Tornados and 12 Jaguar aircraft to the area. After the first Gulf War, they patrolled no-fly zones over Iraq and monitored activity on the ground. During the second Iraq conflict, the squadrons supported troops on the ground and bombed enemy installations.
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